Njengoko umhlaba ulungiselela ukulahla amandla epetroli ukuya kumbane, masijonge ngokukhawuleza ezinye zezona zithuthuthu zombane zibalaseleyo emhlabeni.
Oku akunakuphepheka kwaye akunakurhoxiswa.Akukho kubuya ngamva.Utshintsho ukusuka kwi-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ukuya kumbane ogcweleyo luqhuba kakuhle, kwaye isantya sophuhliso lweebhetri kunye neenjini zombane ziye zakhawuleza kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.Izithuthuthu zombane ngoku sele zifikelele kwinqanaba apho ziya kuthi kungekudala zibe yindlela esebenzayo yokuthengisa ngobuninzi koomatshini bemveli.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkampani ezincinci, ezizimeleyo zikhokele ekuphuhliseni amavili amabini ombane, kodwa ngenxa yezibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo, azikwazanga ukunyusa umlinganiselo omkhulu.Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kuya kutshintsha.
Ngokwengxelo eneenkcukacha yophando lwemalike esanda kukhutshwa yi-P&S Intelligence, imarike yesithuthuthu sombane yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukusuka malunga ne-5.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-10.53 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025. Ukukhuthaza izithuthi zombane, abavelisi abakhulu ekugqibeleni bayamkele imfuneko yokutshintshela kumbane. izithuthi kwaye waqala ukulungiselela utshintsho olukhulu oluzayo.NgoMatshi walo nyaka, i-Honda, i-Yamaha, i-Piaggio, kunye ne-KTM ibhengeze ukusekwa ngokudibeneyo komanyano lwebhetri olunokutshintshwa.Injongo ekhankanyiweyo kukulinganisa imilinganiselo yobugcisa yenkqubo yebhetri enokutshintshwa yombane onamavili amabini ombane, okulindeleke ukuba kuncitshiswe iindleko zophuhliso, ukusombulula iingxaki zobomi bebhetri kunye nexesha lokutshaja, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhuthaze ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweebhayisikile zombane.
Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, ukuphuhliswa kwee-scooters zombane kunye nezithuthuthu ziye zaphuhliswa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo kunye neemfuno.Ngokomzekelo, eIndiya, ii-scooters zombane ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ezithengiweyo eTshayina, ezikumgangatho ophantsi ziye zasetyenziswa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.Banoluhlu oluncinci lokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokusebenza kakubi.Ngoku imeko iye yaphucuka.Abanye abavelisi bezixhobo zalapha ekhaya babonelele ngomgangatho ongcono wokuvelisa, iibhetri ezinkulu kunye neenjini zombane ezinamandla ngakumbi.Ukuthathela ingqalelo imiceli mngeni emincinci kakhulu yokutshaja kweziseko zophuhliso apha, uluhlu kunye nokusebenza okubonelelwa ngaba matshini kusabiza kakhulu (xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthuthu zesintu) kwaye azifanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kumntu wonke.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqale kwindawo ethile.Iinkampani ezifana ne-Tata Power, i-EESL, i-Magenta, i-Fortum, i-TecSo, i-Volttic, i-NTPC kunye ne-Ather zisebenza nzima ukwakha nokwandisa iziseko zokutshaja iimoto zombane eIndiya.
Kwimarike yaseNtshona, uninzi lwabo luye lwaseka inethiwekhi yokutshaja eyomeleleyo, kwaye izithuthuthu zezolonwabo kunokuhamba ngezithuthi.Ke ngoko, ingqwalasela ibisoloko ikwisitayile, amandla kunye nokusebenza.Ezinye iibhayisekile zombane e-United States naseYurophu zilungile ngoku, kunye neenkcukacha ezinokuthelekiswa noomatshini bemveli, ngakumbi xa ixabiso likwathathelwe ingqalelo.Okwangoku, injini yepetroli GSX-R1000, ZX-10R okanye i-Fireblade ayisekho ngokungafaniyo malunga nendibaniselwano egqibeleleyo yoluhlu, amandla, ukusebenza, ixabiso kunye nokusebenza, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba imeko iya kutshintsha kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ezayo. .Ukusebenza kodlula kwangaphambi kweenjini ze-IC.Kwangaxeshanye, masijonge ngokukhawuleza ezinye zezona zithuthuthu zombane zibalaseleyo ngoku kwimarike yehlabathi.
Imodeli yokungena kwinqanaba le-Damon Hypersport yebhayisikili yezemidlalo yombane, eyatyhilwa kwi-CES eLas Vegas kunyaka odlulileyo, iqala kwi-US $ 16,995 (i-Rs 1.23.6 yezigidi), kwaye imodeli ephezulu ingafikelela kwi-US $ 39,995 ( Izigidi ezingama-2.91 zeerandi.Inkqubo yamandla ombane ye-"HyperDrive" ephezulu ye-Hypersport Premier ixhotyiswe ngebhetri engama-20kWh kunye nenjini yolwelo epholileyo enokuvelisa i-150kW (200bhp) kunye ne-235Nm yetorque.Le bhayisekile ingasuka ku-zero iye kwi-100 km/h ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emithathu, kwaye ibanga isantya esifikelela kuma-320 km/h, nto leyo eyothusa ngokwenene ukuba yinyani.Ukusebenzisa itshaja ekhawulezayo ye-DC, ibhetri ye-Hypersport inokuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo i-90% kwiiyure nje ze-2.5, kwaye ibhetri egcwele ngokupheleleyo inokuhamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-320 kwisixeko esixubeneyo kunye nomgwaqo omkhulu.
Nangona ezinye iibhayisekile zombane zikhangeleka zibhidekile kwaye zimbi, umzimba weDamon Hypersport uqingqwe kakuhle ngengalo yerocker enecala elinye, esikhumbuza kancinci ngeDucati Panigale V4.NjengePanigale, iHypersport inesakhiwo semonocoque, iOlins suspension kunye neBrembo brakes.Ukongezelela, isixhobo sombane siyinxalenye edibeneyo yomthwalo wesakhelo, esiza ukwandisa ukuqina kunye nokwandisa ukusabalalisa ubunzima.Ngokungafaniyo neebhayisekile zemveli, umatshini weDamon wamkela uyilo lwe-ergonomic oluhlengahlengiswayo (iinyawo kunye neentsimbi zokuphatha ezisetyenziswa kwizixeko kunye nohola wendlela zibekwe ngokwahlukileyo), inkqubo yengqikelelo ye-360-degree usebenzisa iikhamera zangaphambili nangasemva, kunye nerada yekhamera ekude ukulumkisa abakhweli ngeengozi ezinokubakho. Imeko yezithuthi ezinobungozi.Enyanisweni, ngoncedo lwekhamera kunye neteknoloji ye-radar, i-Damon-based based Damon iceba ukufezekisa ukuphepha ukungqubana okupheleleyo ngo-2030, okuncomekayo.
I-Honda yinkampani enesicwangciso esikhulu sesithuthi sombane e-China.Ibonise ukuba i-Energica ikomkhulu e-Modena, e-Italy, kwaye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphindaphinda, iibhayisikili zombane ze-Ego ziye zafumaneka iminyaka eyisixhenxe okanye eyisibhozo, kwaye zihlala ziphucula iinkcukacha kunye nokusebenza.Inkcazo ye-2021 ye-Ego + RS ixhotyiswe nge-21.5kWh ibhetri ye-lithium yepolymer, enokuthi ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo kwiyure enye usebenzisa i-DC fast charger.Ibhetri inika amandla i-oil-cooled esisigxina umazibuthe i-AC motor, enokuvelisa i-107kW (145bhp) kunye ne-215Nm yetorque, ivumela i-Ego+ ukuba ikhawuleze ukusuka ku-zero ukuya kwi-100kph ngemizuzwana eyi-2.6 kwaye ifikelele kwisantya esiphezulu se-240kph.Kwiitrafikhi zasezidolophini, uluhlu luyi-400 yeekhilomitha, kwaye kwiindlela ezihamba phambili ziyi-180 km.
I-Ego + RS ixhotyiswe nge-tubular steel trellis, ifolokhwe ye-Marzocchi ehlengahlengiswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambili, i-Bitubo monoshock ngasemva, kunye neziqhoboshi zeBrembo ezine-ABS eguqukayo esuka eBosch.Ukongeza, kukho amanqanaba e-6 olawulo lwe-traction, ulawulo lwe-cruise, i-Bluetooth kunye noqhagamshelwano lwe-smartphone, kunye nepaneli yesixhobo se-TFT yombala kunye ne-GPS edibeneyo yokwamkela.I-Energica yinkampani yenyani yaseTaliyane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye i-Ego+ sisithuthuthu esisebenza kakhulu esifanelekileyo esenzeka ukuba sinikwe amandla yimoto yombane endaweni ye-V4 enesantya esiphezulu.Ixabiso yi-25,894 euros (2,291,000 rupees), nayo ibiza kakhulu, kwaye ngokungafaniyo ne-Harley LiveWire, ayinayo inethiwekhi yomthengisi obanzi ukuxhasa emva kokuthengisa kunye neenkonzo.Nangona kunjalo, i-Energica Ego + RS ngokungathandabuzekiyo yimveliso enombane osulungekileyo kunye nesitayile sebhayisekile yezemidlalo yase-Italiya.
UZero uzinze eCalifornia kwaye yasekwa ngo-2006 kwaye sele ivelisa izithuthuthu zombane kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Ngo-2021, inkampani yaphehlelela i-SR/S ephezulu yomgca enikwa amandla yinkqubo yamandla ombane kaZeroo “Z-Force”, kwaye yamkela i-chassis ekhaphukhaphu neyomeleleyo eyenziwe nge-aviation-grade aluminium ukunciphisa ubunzima.Isithuthuthu sokuqala sombane sika-Zero esigcwele ngokupheleleyo i-SR/S sikwaxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokusebenza ye-Cypher III yenkampani, evumela umkhweli ukuba aqwalasele inkqubo kunye nokuphuma kwamandla ngokweemfuno zakhe, ngaloo ndlela kumnceda ukuba alawule ngcono ibhayisekile.U-Zero uthe ubunzima be-SR / S yi-234 kg, ephefumlelwe yi-design ye-aerospace kwaye ineempawu eziphambili ze-aerodynamic, ngaloo ndlela inyusa i-mileage yebhayisikili.Ixabiso limalunga ne-22,000 yeedola zaseMelika (i-1.6 yezigidi zeerandi).I-SR/S inikwe amandla yimagnethi esisigxina ye-AC motor, ekwazi ukuvelisa i-82kW (110bhp) kunye ne-190Nm yetorque, ivumela ibhayisekile ukuba ikhawuleze ukusuka ku-zero ukuya kwi-100kph ngemizuzwana eyi-3.3 nje, kwaye inesantya esiphezulu Ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-200.Ungaqhuba ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-260 kwindawo yasezidolophini kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-160 kuhola wendlela;njengebhayisekile yombane wonke, ukunyathela kwi-accelerator kuya kunciphisa umgama, ngoko ke isantya yinto emisela umgama onokuwuhamba ngaphezu kwe-zero.
I-Zero yenye yeenkampani ezimbalwa ezivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthuthu zombane, ezinikezela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla kunye nokusebenza.Iibhayisekile ezikwinqanaba lokungena ziqala phantsi ukuya kutsho kwi-US$9,200 (i-Rs 669,000), kodwa zisabiza kakhulu.Inqanaba lomgangatho wokwakha.Ukuba kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, kukho umenzi webhayisikile yombane onokungena ngokwenene kwimarike yaseIndiya, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe ngu-zero.
Ukuba injongo ye-Harley LiveWire kukuba sisithuthuthu sombane esixhaphakileyo esinokufikelelwa ngabantu abaninzi, ngoko i-Arc Vector ikwelinye icala.ixabiso Vector yi 90,000 pounds (9.273 million rupees), ixabiso layo liphindwe kane ukuba LiveWire, kwaye imveliso yayo yangoku kuphela 399 iiyunithi.I-Arc esekwe e-UK yasungula iVector kumboniso we-EICMA eMilan ngo-2018, kodwa inkampani emva koko yadibana neengxaki zemali.Nangona kunjalo, umseki wenkampani kunye ne-CEO uMark Truman (owayekhokele iqela le-Jaguar Land Rover le-"Skunk Factory" ejongene nokudala iingqiqo eziphambili zemoto yekamva) ukwazile ukugcina i-Arc, kwaye ngoku izinto zibuyele endleleni.
I-Arc Vector ifanelekile kwiibhayisikile zombane ezibizayo.Yamkela i-carbon fiber monocoque structure, enokunciphisa ubunzima bomatshini ukuya kwi-220 kg efanelekileyo.Ngaphambili, ifolokhwe yangaphambili yemveli ishiywe, kwaye i-steering kunye nengalo yokujinga yangaphambili egxile kwi-hub yevili isetyenziselwe ukuphucula ukukhwela kunye nokuphatha.Oku, kunye ne-radical styling yebhayisikili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesinyithi ezibizayo (i-aerospace-grade aluminium kunye neenkcukacha zobhedu), yenza iVector ibonakale ihle kakhulu.Ukongezelela, i-chain drive inike indlela yenkqubo yokuqhuba ibhanti enzima ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wokulondoloza.
Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, iVector inikwe amandla yi-399V injini yombane, enokuvelisa i-99kW (133bhp) kunye ne-148Nm ye-torque.Ngale nto, ibhayisekile inokukhawulezisa ukusuka ku-zero ukuya kwi-100kph ngemizuzwana eyi-3.2 kwaye ifikelele kwisantya esiphezulu esilinganiselweyo sombane esingama-200kph.Ipakethi yebhetri yeVector ye-16.8kWh yeSamsung inokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzu engama-40 kuphela usebenzisa iDC ekhawulezayo yokutshaja kwaye inoluhlu lokuhamba ngeekhilomitha ezimalunga nama-430.Njengaso nasiphi na isithuthuthu esisebenza ngepetroli sanamhlanje esisebenza ngamandla, iVector yombane yonke ikwaxhotyiswe nge-ABS, ulawulo lokutsala oluhlengahlengisiweyo kunye neendlela zokukhwela, kunye nomboniso wentloko-phezulu (ukufikelela lula kulwazi lwesithuthi) kunye nefowuni ehlakaniphile- njengenkqubo yesilumkiso esibambekayo, izisa ixesha elitsha lamava okukhwela.Andilindelanga ukubona i-Arc Vector eIndiya nanini na kungekudala, kodwa le bhayisekile iyasibonisa into esinokujonga phambili kuyo kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu ezayo.
Okwangoku, indawo yesithuthuthu sombane eIndiya ayikhuthazi kakhulu.Ukunqongophala kolwazi malunga nokusebenza kweebhayisikile zombane, ukunqongophala kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja, kunye noluhlu lwamaxhala zezinye zezizathu zemfuno ephantsi.Ngenxa yemfuno ecothayo, iinkampani ezimbalwa zizimisele ukwenza utyalo-mali olukhulu kuphuhliso, imveliso kunye nokuthengisa izithuthuthu zombane.Ngokophando olwenziwa yi-ResearchandMarkets.com, imarike yombane yamavili amabini yaseIndiya yayimalunga ne-150,000 yezithuthi kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-25% ngonyaka kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo.Okwangoku, imarike ilawulwa zii-scooters zamaxabiso aphantsi kunye neebhayisekile ezineebhetri ze-asidi zelothe ezingabizi kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba iibhayisekile ezibiza kakhulu ziya kubonakala kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, zixhotyiswe ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla ngakumbi (ukubonelela ngoluhlu olukhulu lokuhamba ngenqanawa).
Abadlali abadumileyo kwi-bike yombane / i-scooter field e-India baquka i-Bajaj, i-Hero Electric, i-TVS, i-Revolt, i-Tork Motors, i-Ather kunye ne-Ultraviolette.Ezi nkampani zivelisa uthotho lwee-scooters zombane kunye nezithuthuthu ezixabisa phakathi kwe-50,000 ukuya kwi-300,000 rupees, kwaye zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphantsi ukuya kuluhlu oluphakathi, olunokuthi kwezinye iimeko luthelekiswe kunye nenqanaba lokusebenza elinikezelwa yibhayisikile ye-250-300cc yendabuko.Kwangaxeshanye, ukwazi ngekamva elinokuthi libonelelwe ngamavili amabini ombane eIndiya kwixesha eliphakathi, ezinye iinkampani nazo zifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba.I-Hero MotoCorp kulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukuvelisa iibhayisikili zombane kwi-2022, i-Mahindra's Classic Legends inokuvelisa iibhayisikili zombane phantsi kwe-Jawa, i-Yezdi okanye i-BSA brands, kunye ne-Honda, i-KTM kunye ne-Husqvarna ingaba abanye abakhuphisana nabo abafuna ukungena kwintsimi yebhayisikili yombane e-Indiya, nangona kunjalo. Akukho saziso sisemthethweni kulo mba.
Nangona i-Ultraviolette F77 (ixabiso lee-Rs 300,000) ikhangeleka yangoku kwaye inesitayile kwaye ibonelela ngokusebenza okufanelekileyo kwezemidlalo, ezinye iivili ezimbini zombane ezifumanekayo ngoku eIndiya zisekelwe kuphela ekusebenzeni kwaye azinawo nawuphi na umnqweno wokusebenza okuphezulu.Oku kunokutshintsha kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kodwa kuya kuhlala kubonakala ukuba ngubani okhokelayo kunye nendlela imarike yebhayisekile yombane iya kumila ngayo eIndiya.